Language: Uhrzuemarohs



A~ÉNÉKÉUREL

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THE LANGUAGE OF LATER ÛRZÜMÂR

INTRODUCTION



There were at least four periods to the language of the elder dragons who spawned the fathers of the Ithitas in the elder years of the First Age of Dragons. They are called in our time Ûrzümâr, as is their land after the son or decendent of Nauz+rad son or decendent of Dassitatus. They themselves by several names according to the scholars and their own writings. These names in the Late Ûrzümar or New Ûrzümâr are called Shágék, Nách-Káré (Nácharé), Shámaer , Sanér , Gémkér , Shágérká , Shagégá , and the Shamgalémká after the children [mailto:+ia+im@+o%5Er +ia+im@+o^r] (Dassitatus) assumed ruler-ship of the Hardztréow there came Ûrzümâr. These names may describe major groupings of later generalized under the term Ûrzümâra+, or simply Ûrzümâr. Loremasters state that the first dynasties of Ûrzümâr spoke a language they describe as,   Abakalek or Abklach, or Archaic Ûrzümâr(-o~s) [1]. Its forms were governed by few rules but based on a basic root structure of joined roots forming complicated compounds. In the second known stage of the language a primitive table system was used that began to effect the spoken language as forms of spoken words were effected by the written word. In the third stage a more sophisticated format of tabled root representing “letters” further effected writing and speech. In the Classical period a highly sophisticated, arcane and complex system of letter/roots was the basis for all formal speech and writing. After the fall of the Ûrzümar kings and the beginning of writing based on paper the language that developed, New Ûrzümar or post-Ûzümar was the basis for the languages that followed descendent from Ûrzümar. The text of Glossary I is based on those later interpretations, often informal that began to be transferred to paper/vellum/parchment by the later dragon realms and the developing Fa:nn and Alfaro^r realms which inherited the traditions and early culture of the Ûrzümar dragons and their Fa:nn servants.

             It is written that no text was recorded in anything but carved stone or in wet clay baked in great ovens the elder days of Ûrzümâr.

 [1]  {The Sumerians called themselves "Saggig", which means "black headed ones", because they shaved their heads. For illustration, the Manding or Mandikan people call themselves Ma-nde (the children of Ma); the Sumerians called themselves Mah-Gar-ri (exalted children); while the Magyar refer to themselves as Muh-ger-ri ( Mogeri) or Ma-ka-r (exalted children). Hislop says they called themselves sammurs, based on writings of around 500 B.C. by the Greeks and Assyrians. More recent discoveries including updated linguistics tell us that the most ancient residents called their nation Shumer. Could it be that some of the readers of the original Sumerians texts wanted to hide away the Turkishness of the name "KI-EN-GI(R) / KENGIR" that the ancient Sumerians called themselves? The Sumerians called themselves "sag gi(r) ga", "The Black headed ones" and believed they were "Children of God"  The Sumerians called themselves the "Black headed people" rather proudly-- "sag gig-ga" which I think has evolved into "saan klinga" : the black people. This rules out that they were the Semites or the Aryans. }



LATER NEW ÛRZÜMÂR ALPHABET

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A

Á

B

CH ( Ç )

D

<p class="MsoNormal">E

<p class="MsoNormal">É

<p class="MsoNormal">G

<p class="MsoNormal">K

<p class="MsoNormal">L

<p class="MsoNormal">M

<p class="MsoNormal">N

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none">NG ( Ŋ )

<p class="MsoNormal">O

<p class="MsoNormal">P

<p class="MsoNormal">R

<p class="MsoNormal">S

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none">''' Š '''

<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align:none;text-autospace:none"> S’H 

<p class="MsoNormal">T

<p class="MsoNormal">U

<p class="MsoNormal">Z

<p class="MsoNormal">''' '''

<p class="MsoNormal">LATER NEW ÛRZÜMÂR CONVERSION

<p class="MsoNormal">''' '''

<p class="MsoNormal">A= Á  | B=  P  | BV=B | C=CH,  K , S, SH, Z | D=  T  | E=  É  | F=P | G=CH, K, NG | H=E, É, CH, SH | I=A, E, O, U, Á, É | J=Du, G, NG, U | K=Ch, G | L=Al, El, M, N | M=L, N | N=L, M | O=A, U | P=B | Q=CH, K, Ku | R=Ar, Er, L, Ur | S=Ch, Sh, Z | S^=S’H | T=D | U=A, O | V=B, U | W=B, U | X=Ch, Z | Y=É, U | Z=S, S’h, S^ | Á=A | CH=K, Ké, T | É=E | NG=Méch, Mch, Unch, Unché, Nch | SH (S^) =S, Sé, Z, Za~, S-H 

<p class="MsoNormal">''' '''

<p class="MsoNormal">'ARCHAIC ÛRZÜMAR ABAKALEK '

<p class="MsoNormal">''' '''

<p class="MsoNormal">OLD ÛRZUMAR NUÉN

<p class="MsoNormal">''' '''

<p class="MsoNormal">HIGH ÛRZÜMAR

<p class="MsoNormal">''' '''

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">''' CLASSICAL ÛRZÜMÂR '''

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">''' '''

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">''' LATER NEW/POST ÛRZÜMÂR '''

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> a~lsa~kal {| anzagar [TOWER] (77x: Old Akkadian, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. an-za-gar3; an-gar3 "(fortified) tower" Akk. dimtu } [(URZ: a~lsa~cha~rl)] : tower.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> a~lsehe~ { anše } [URZ: (a~ls’he~)] : equid- horse, donkey, mule. Used of animals used for transport and livery.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> A~pas {apsu, abzu} [URZ: (a~psa)] : Child of Ha~rdrak and Ha^rmangal, brother and spouse of Dassitatus. Called E~lchar as well, or E~lchara~psa.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> A3ûlêz name of unknown meaning, altered to produce Quenya Aulë. (WJ:399)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ábákáel {abgal(2): sage, wise man, wizard (abba, 'elder', + gal, 'great') [ABGAL archaic frequency: 31].} [URZ: (ápkáel, ábákáel, fa:akgaal, fakgal, abgal, fagal)] : sage, wise, old, elder, great elders, the first dragons decended from Ûrzümâr, the Eldest Dragons, the Children of Dia+ma+o^r. sage, wise, wiseman, wizard, scholar, loremaster.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> abakalek [URZ: (abbakkal-ek)] : The elder tongue, Archaic Ûrzümâr.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abalch {bala} [URZ: (abla, ablag, abalga)] : lyre (?); drum (?); funeral song [? BALAG archaic frequency: 20].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abannad {bànda(da)} [(abdna, abdan, abdna’ad, abdanad)] : young; junior; vigorous; impetuous; fierce; proud.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abarg {barag, bára, bár; bara5,6} [(abarg, abar, abr, abar, arg, azut)] : throne dais; king, ruler; cult platform; stand, support; crate, box; sack; chamber, dwelling (container plus ra(g), 'to pack') [? BARA2 archaic frequency: 69; concatenates 2 sign variants; ? ZATU-764 archaic frequency 21].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abbadan {banda2,4,5} [(abdna)] : prop, support.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abinirga {bariga [PI or UL(in Old Sumerian period)]} [(abirag, abnirga)] : a measure of capacity - 36 isal in the Old U^rzu:mma^r period and 60 isal in the Old A:k@th and Neo-U^rzu:mma^r periods. Equals 6 aban. (bán-rig-a, 'the bán from picking, gleaning').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abirizil {barzil (AN.BAR)} [(abzrli, abrizl, abrizil)] : (meteoric) iron (bar6, 'to shine', + zil, 'to cut, peel').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abnush {( iš)banšur(2,3) [? BANŠUR archaic frequency: 7; concatenates 5 sign variants]. } [(shiabnushra, abnushru)] : table; container.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abpri-umuntabi {bappir(2/3)} [(abppri, umunitatb)] : beer bread (a sweet and possibly pungent bread made from barley dough - mixed with malt [munu4] to make mash [titab] for beer); brewer [BAPPIR archaic frequency: 28; concatenates 6 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abradga {bárag, bàra, bàr [DAG]} [(abarg, abar, abr, adg, abar)] : nest [BARA3 archaic frequency: 13].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> abraha {báhar} [(abahr)] : potter [BAHAR2 archaic frequency: 50; concatenates 3 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> áchásh {a} [UZMR; (avas, aua, ahas )] : 'water'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ad [] : conflict, spark, friction, energy, catylyst. From Lingho~s.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> -ad- {-da-} [URZ: ] : a additive between words that indicates contraposition, enmity, to be enraged against someone, to be against or oppositie.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adad [(atat, tat)] : the outcome of conflict, the residue of conflict. Birth. The act of sex. The act of war. That which creates and destroys. Primal force. Storm.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adagu {dadag [UD.UD]} [(adadg, dudu, adg)] : v., to clean, clear (reduplicated dág, 'brilliant, clean').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adan {danna, dana} [(adnan, adan)] : road-length measure, 'march' = 30 shu = 21600 cubits = ca. 6.7 miles/10.8 kilometers; double hour (twelfth part of a full day) = the time it takes to march a length of 1 adan (Akkadian etymology from 'place of strength or safety') [DANNA archaic frequency: 2].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adang {dakkan, daggan} [(adkkna, adggna, adgagn)] : harem, living quarters, chamber (dag, 'dwelling', + gan, 'to bear').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> addreggem {dagrim} [(adrgme, rame, adgerm)] : fields, vicinity, precinct (cf.,   arim) (dag, 'resting place', + rim4, 'to run fast'; cf., bar-rim4).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> addubra {babbar(2)} [(ab’babra, abra, du)] : bright; white; the rising sun (reduplicated bar6, 'bright, white') [UD archaic frequency: 419].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adeshen {dabin [ZÌ.ŠE]} [(adibn, izesh)] : coarse (?) barley flour.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adhalman {dalhamun4} [(adhlmanu)] : confusion, disorder.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adla {da al} [(adla, adgla, adla, ma’a)] : n., width, breadth (da, 'side', + gal/ al, 'big') [AMA archaic frequency: 241; concatenates 2 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> adlamnu {dalhamun} [(adhlmanu, adlahumn)] : tornado; violent storm; duststorm; whirlpool; riot, revolt (dal, 'to fly', + ha-mun, 'mutually opposing or contrasting').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> aduba {: adub: ( ar; á, 'to store', + dub, 'clay tablets'; cf, lúša13[ Á]-dub-ba)} [(dabu, raudbu, dabuab, audbuab)] : tablet container.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> áersa {a-ra-zu...e: to say a prayer [often introduces direct, quoted speech in the texts]. } [(áersa)] : to say a prayer, quoted speech in text, an introduction, an introductory prayer.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> agalm {galam} [(agalm)] : n., stairs.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ágén {gam} [UZMR; (agam, augim, agm, aggim )] : 'to decline, incline'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> karaá {agar, ugar} [UZMR; (gara, gura, grua )] : field; commons. Apparently related to the word gau and gardt.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> aggem {gam} [UZMR; (agam, augim, agm, agma)] : 'to decline, incline'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> aggra {gagar} [KI]} [(agagr)] : area.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> agiggi {gagig} [(agigg, ugigg)] : to lament; to wail (gù, 'to exclaim', + gig, 'illness; injury').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> agklu {gakkul} [(agkklu)] : clay brewing-vessel, mash tun.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> agrian {agarin(2,3)} [(garina)]: father; mother; womb.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ahas {a} [UZMR; (avas, aua)] : 'water'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ahazg (halfâ'), rushes (cf., úaški) [NUMUN2 archaic frequency: 2].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ahazg {uzug, usug}[(zugu, sugu, ahazga, uazga)]: tithe, tenth-part set aside (hà/u, 'ten', + zag, 'outside of').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> Airbazu {abzu} [UZMR; (A~’a’arpa, Arpa, Harppa, Ha^r)] : the 'sentient' sea - the sea personified as a god.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> akarra {akar}[]: leather armor.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> akašân supposedly means "He says" with reference to Eru; the source of Quenya axan "law, rule, commandment". (WJ:399)

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> akashi {(ú)aški}[(aukshi)]: bulrush (Typha grass; cf, únúmun) (éš, 'rope', + kid(6), 'to weave a reed mat').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Alana~ch {Anunnaki, Anunna, Aunnaka, Ananaki} [(A~lana~cha)] : the children of Dassitatus, the first speakers and makers, The Elders from who all races of e~n are ultimately descended. Called Alng, Alang or Allanag in Sc~pra:c~e~.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> allammo  {| lulu [MAN] (100x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. lu2-lu7; lu2-lu7lu "man; humanity" Akk. amēlu ; lullû } [(alamo)] : man, human, humanity, the Childen of Anim, the Anim. 

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> allatach  {inimdug: | inimdug [PEACE] (3x: ED IIIb) wr. inim-dug3 "peace, reconciliation with the gods" Akk. salīmu peace, reconciliation with the gods |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none"> (3x/100%)    |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none;font-weight:normal">~  unknown/ED IIIb/Girsu |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">inim-du10-ga  |<span style="font-family: &quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">DP 435 o i 2;  x-[...]  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">inim#-du10#-[ga]   |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">MVN 03, 005 o iii 2; |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">inim-du10-ga   |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">NFT p. 182, AO 4154 r i 5.  Akk. salīmu "peace". } [(alaltacha, allotach)] : reconcile, reconciler, befriender. Peace-maker. Peace-Giver. Gift-giver. Knowdle, knowledgable, Library. Wisdom. Foresight. Experience & Wisdom.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> allibri {(la, 'youthful freshness', + bír, 'to shrivel up').} [(alibri)] : adj., old, ancient; traditional; used, worn.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Alnar {HITTITE?: Inar} [URZ: (Alna~ar)] :   I++itas king who left his rulership in the east for the west and established a kingdom in Asshralda, known as the founder of Itton.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> amal  {SUM: ilimmu} [URZ <span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Wingdings; color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"> à IND <span style="font-size:8.0pt; font-family:Wingdings;color:black;mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings"> à  SPR (URZ: alaum, almau, IND: amaul SPR: amal)] : URZ: sacred Nine. IND; The Nine, of the Nine, referring to the Nine Towers, the related Nine Stones and later to the Niunca, the Nine Kingdoms. IND <span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:black; mso-char-type:symbol;mso-symbol-font-family:Wingdings"> à SPR: A high clan of O~s-born, descended from one of the Nine Tower cities. A great and noble clan.    

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> amalo {| ilimmu [NINE] wr. ilimmu "nine"} [(URZ: aelma, amallo)] : nine.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> amanaišal "unmarred" (WJ:401)

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ambich {amagi(2,3), mabi(2,3)} []: ice.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ámsétap {anše-dub: ass registered on a tablet ('equid' + 'tablet'). } [(ámsétap)] : an ass registered on a tablet, a registered animal, a taxable animal, a animal which can be proven to be ones own livestock, property.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> an {ul: |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;; color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">ul [SWELL] (74x: Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. ul "to swell, (to be) distended; to love; attractiveness; pleasure; rejoicing" Akk. habāşu ; menû ; ulşu } [(a’al, oal, oel, anol, anal)] : "to swell, (to be) distended; to love; attractiveness; pleasure; rejoicing". Pleasent, desired, beloved, befriended.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> Anal  {In Sumerian mythology, Anu (also An ; (from Sumerian *An 𒀭 = sky, heaven) was a sky-god, the god of heaven , lord of constellations , king of gods, spirits and demons , and dwelt in the highest heavenly regions. It was believed that he had the power to judge those who had committed crimes, and that he had created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. His attribute was the royal tiara . His attendant and minister of state was the god Ilabrat. He was one of the oldest gods in the Sumerian pantheon and part of a triad including Enlil (god of the air) and Enki (god of water). He was called Anu by the later Akkadians in Babylonian culture. By virtue of being the first figure in a triad consisting of Anu, Enlil, and Enki (also known as Ea ), Anu came to be regarded as the father and at first, king of the gods. Anu is so prominently associated with the E-anna temple in the city of Uruk (biblical Erech ) in southern Babylonia that there are good reasons for believing this place to have been the original seat of the Anu cult. If this is correct, then the goddess Inanna (or Ishtar ) of Uruk may at one time have been his consort.[ <span style="font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:windowtext;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none;vertical-align:baseline;vertical-align:baseline">citation needed ] } [(A~la, A~lna, Anal)] :   Early father and king figure, child of Fa:rm and Fa:rd, later a husband of Dassitatus the Beguiler. Father of Vlo~kio^r. Revered among the Fa:nn and Harmangal.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Anchalotach  {ul-guli inimdug} [(an-chaol-allatach, anchollatach)] : The Fa:nn.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Andirac~ { The Anunnaki (also transcribed as: Anunna, Anunnaku , Ananaki and other variations) are a group of deities in ancient Mesopotamian cultures (i.e., Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian and Babylonian). The name is variously written "da-nuna", "d a-nuna-ke4-ne", or "d a-nun-na", meaning something to the effect of "those of royal blood"[1 ] or 'princely offspring'.[2 ] Their relation to the group of gods known as the Igigi is unclear — at times the names are used synonymously but in the Atra-Hasis flood myth the Igigi are the sixth generation of the Gods who have to work for the Anunnaki, rebelling after 40 days and replaced by the creation of humans.[3 ] } [URZ (A~lnana~cha, A~lalla~ga, Ananag, Na~’anag, Na~’anac~, Nadirac~, Andirac~, Andarrac)] : The first and second generation of the Iaurldo^rn, the children o f the Eldest and the eldest themselves.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> anma-shilgi {(cf., ( iš)šilig and nam-šilig). } [(shi’ishligi, anmaishilgi)] : adj., extremely powerful, strong

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Annakraln Zaharlak [(anniak-araln zaharal-kalach, annakarln zaralkalak, annakarln zaharlak, Annakarl Zaharlak)] : the Devouer-people Trid-smiths. The Jo:tt.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> anniak { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu [EAT] (1672x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian, unknown) wr. gu7 "to eat, consume" Akk. akālu } [(cha, ngo)] : cosume, eat, devour.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> anpém {umbin: nail; claw; talon; hoof; nail impression (on a clay tablet); hair pin; wheel (of a chariot, wagon) [UMBIN archaic frequency: 34; concatenates 4 sign variants]. } [(anpém, )] : a nail, nail, claw, talon, hoof, foot, paw,. A nail impression, a stylus impression, a letter or character. A hair pin. A wheel spoke, a spoke, a spindle, a wheel.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> anpéshá {umbisa: scribe (umbin, 'nail impression [on a tablet]', + sa, 'individual human'). } [(anpéshá)] : scribe, on who makes a make, one who uses a claw or talon, a learned dragon, a recorder.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> anru {engur} [(neugr, a’anru, neugr)] : subsoil water; abyssal sea of fresh water (a, 'water', + na, 'to drink', + úr, 'floor; root'; cf., an-gur4).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> anseggi {(na4)esig, esi}[(ansegi, sei,)]: good, fine; solid, strong; ebony; diorite; olivine-gabbro.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> apa~sahak {| abšag [SEA-MIDST] (8x: ED IIIb, Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. ab-šag4 "center of the sea"} [(a~psha~k)] : Center of the sea, of a great lake. A mid something great or powerful. To be but a small part in the middle. Amidst, a mid, in the midst of.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ápkéarp {aba/ab} [UZMR; (agabir, bagir, abgirb )] : 'sea'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Aral Sa~zalcha [URZ pl nm ] From Lingho~s Ran Dzaxala, the great woods of the Forrest.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> araln { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;; color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">erin [PEOPLE] (2722x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. erin2; eri-na; erin9 "people; troops" Akk. Şābu } [URZ: (e~aral, arlalna)] :'' people, troop of, a people of as creded, house, a body joined into a charter, agreement, law, agreement, understanding. A set of like people, an e~nen. ''

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> archam {a arx[IM×IM; IM.DUGUD]} [(archa)]: heavy rain shower, cloudburst (a, 'water', +   ar, 'to accumulate; to deposit').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Arômêz (in the source, the letter ô has a diacritic indicating that it is open and a-like) a name adapted to Quenya as Oromë and to Sindarin as Araw. (WJ:400) According to Elvish folk etymology, Oromë meant "horn-blowing" or "horn-blower", but the original Valarin name simply denotes this Vala and has no etymology beyond that (WJ:401).

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> artabá {adub: tablet container (ar;á, 'to store', + dub, 'clay tablets'; cf, lúša13[Á]-dub-ba). } [(átap, áratap, atabá)] : A tablet container. An archive, a library or study, a book shelf, a book. A store house.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> as {zu} [UZMR; (uz, uz )] : 'to know'. Wise. Related to o~s.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> as^o {zu, 'to know'} [URZ: (sa, so, s^o)] :   to know. Known. Intelligence.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ašata "hair of head", also just šata. (WJ:399)

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ashkagir {dugšakira(3), šakir(3)} [(udshgkaria, ashikr, ashgikrka, ashikr)] : butter tub, churn; churning; pitcher (šag4/šà, 'stomach, container', + kir, 'cow' + /ak/, genitive) [ŠAKIRA3 archaic frequency: 56; concatenates 3 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ashurgru {( iš)hašhur}[(rudu’u, shiah’h’shru, ah’shugurnu, ah’shugru)] : apple (?); apricot (?) (haš, 'to break off (twigs or branches)', + gurun;gúr, 'fruit; sphere') [HAŠHUR archaic frequency: 101].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> aþar "fixed time, festival" (adopted into Quenya, becoming asar in the Noldorin dialect with the general change þ [th] > s). (WJ:399) Cf. aþâra.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> aþâra "appointed" (cf. aþar) (WJ:399) In Aþâraigas, said to mean "appointed heat" and used of the Sun, and Aþâraphelûn, supposedly meaning "appointed dwelling", but used in the same sense as Quenya Arda (this meaning of this word, itself of purely Elvish origin, was influenced by Aþâraphelûn). Aþâraphelûn Amanaišal "Arda Unmarred", Aþâraphelûn Dušamanûðân "Arda Marred". (WJ:399, 401)

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> aurgunnu {anun( ar; á, 'storeroom', + nun, 'great') [GANUN archaic frequency: 3].} [(nanu, raunnu, aunnu, agunnu)] : barn, storehouse, granary

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> avasprig {abrig} [UZMR; (bairg, ahasbrig)] : a purification priest.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ayanûz "ainu" (WJ:399; the Quenya word ainu is indeed adopted and adapted from Valarin). Compare PM:364, where Tolkien states that in the Valarin language, ayanu- was "the name of the Spirits of Eru's first creation". Are we to infer that ayanu- is the stem of the word, implying that in ayanûz, the lengthening of the final vowel and the suffixing of -z indicate some kind of inflexion - say, nominative singular?

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> azabalm {( iš)zabalam}[(shiazabalma, azabulmu, azabalma)]: juniper (cf., za-ba-lum) [? ZABALAM archaic frequency: 45; concatenates 2 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> azidmi {zadim} [(azdmi, azidmi)] : jeweler; stone cutter (cf., za-dím) [ZADIM archaic frequency: 2].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> azla {zalag(2); zal} [(azlgas, azlag, azla)] : n., light, brightness; the light before dawn, early morning.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> Azlasulkaldum [] : light elves.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> aznubrar {zanbur} [(aznubra)]: prowling, roaming; foraging (said of animals).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ba~ah {ab} [UZMR; (ba~ah)] : 'niche, nook'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="margin-left:-.05in;text-align:justify">    ba~ch  [URZ frm LNGS: pl nm el (LNGS: keabkwakeqa, kebwaqe, k’bwaq, kevwax bvaq à  URZ: ba~ch)] : from   keab’kwa-keqe,  “standing-home” (meaning a domicile which has been erect, and not in a cave or cavern);  house, building that protects the home, a place of rest and security.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ba’ab {aba/ab} [UZMR; (agabir, bagir, ba’a, ba, abgirb )] : 'sea'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> Bakaras^ [URZ: pl nm ] : from bekeres^, The House of Dassitatus in what became Itton, and by association the city of Itton in the time of Dassitaus.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> balal {ablal} [UZMR; (balasl, balal)] : bird niche, nest.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Bechelner [URZ: pl nm (ba~ch-Alnar, Bachalnar)] “Alnar’s House”, an old name for Itton in the east.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> bekeres^ [URZ: pl nm el (ba~chreshe)] : From ba~ch-reshe, “House-queen” = Queen’s House, a residence of the Great Queen. A queen’s residence or house.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> bial {ebir(2), epir(2)} [(beri, peri, biall, bial)] : small pot; beer mug.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> braga {barag} [UZMR; (abraga, brag)] : 'ruler; throne'. Priest, leader.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> bu i x, búgin: basket (for carrying food) (cf., buni ).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> buab {abba} [UZMR; root; (ba'ab, baab)] : 'elder',

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> buabgal {abgal} [UZMR; ttl; (bagal, baglar)] : sage, wise man, wizard

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ca~bga~ltu {abul (KÁ.GAL)} [UZMR; (balu, calgatu)] : city gate (loanword from Semitic for 'door'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> cha~z { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;; color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">sas [GRASS] (12x: Old Babylonian) wr. sas "grass, turf" Akk. sassatu } [(Cha~ch, cha~s, cha~z)] : grass

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> chadoz  { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">kituš [DWELLING] (261x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. ki-tuš "dwelling place" Akk. mūšabu ; šubtu } [(chadas, gadoz, chadoz)]: dwelling place, home, home-land, world; realm, place of existence, universe.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> chaol {guli: |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;; color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">guli [FRIEND] (91x: ED IIIb, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. gu5-li; gu-li; gu7-li "friend, comrade" Akk. Ibru;  friend, comrade |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none"> (91x/100%)    |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none;font-weight:normal">~  LEX/Old Babylonian/Nippur |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">ku-li  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">OB Nippur Lu 776.  ELA/Ur III/Girsu 1(diš)  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu-li    |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">min3   |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">ITT 2, 00950 o i 13;  1(diš)  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu-li   |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">ITT 2, 00950 o ii 6;  1(diš)  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu-li   |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">ITT 2, 00950 o i 5; |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">a-ru-a    |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu5-li    |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">dumu   ur-dhendur-sag  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">RA 80, 26 o ii 15;  4(aš) 4(barig) [...]  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu5-li   |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">LB 0608 o ii 1';  ur-nig2  |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">dumu    |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu5-li   |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">LB 0608 o viii 4.  ELA/Ur III/Umma |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gu5-li  | UMT 1, 219 27.  Akk. ibru "friend, colleague". See ETCSL: | gu5-li=friend  .} [(cha’ala, koele, kaol)] : friend, collegue, comrade, compatriot, brother.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> charlzang {| kuršag [MOUNTAIN MIDST] (17x: Old Babylonian) wr. kur-šag4 "center of the mountains”} [(chaarsa~ch)] : Center of the mountains, could be amidst the mountains with mountains all around you or with in the center of a mountain. Used of moth natural mountains and ranges as well as the “tower-trees” of the Elders.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Chas^a~dar {| kišar [EARTH] (35x: Old Akkadian, Old Babylonian) wr. ki-šar2 "totality; the whole earth; horizon" Akk. kiššat erşeti ; kiššatu } [(chas^a~da)] : the Ha^rtri:.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> chedel  {| kag tum [BRING NEWS] wr. ka tum2 "to bring news" Akk. bussuru} [(kaltum, cha~chdal, cha~dal)] : message. letter, of messages, related to news or direction from on high, or from a greater power or position. Dictate. Law. Rule. Ultimatum.' '

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> cholglom {| gukin [TOTALITY] (3x: Old Babylonian) wr. gu2-kiĝ2; gukin; gukin2; gu3-kin; gu3-kin5 "villages, settlements; the inhabited world; totality, world" Akk. dadmū ; kiššatu } [URZ: (giunk, chachal, kogam, cholgolm, kalgolm)] : world, living environment, area of domain and living in the sense of political, ethnic and cultural.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> d’cháard {dirig/dir} [UZMR; (idirg, idr, drig, thrae, thrag, thrar, thart )] : 'to go over'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> D’lad {Tiamat; Thorkild Jacobsen[3 ] and Walter Burkert both argue for a connection with the Akkadian word for sea, tâmtu, following an early form, ti'amtum. [4 ] Burkert continues by making a linguistic connection to Tethys. He finds the later form, thalatth, to be related clearly to Greek Θάλαττα (thalatta) or Θάλασσα (thalassa) , "sea". The Babylonian epic Enuma Elish is named for its incipit : "When above" the heavens did not yet exist nor the earth below, Apsu the freshwater ocean was there, "the first, the begetter", and Tiamat, the saltwater sea, "she who bore them all"; they were "mixing their waters". It is thought that female deities are older than male ones in Mesopotamia and Tiamat may have begun as part of the cult of Nammu, a female principle of a watery creative force, with equally strong connections to the underworld, which predates the appearance of Ea-Enki. [5 ] Harriet Crawford finds this "mixing of the waters" to be a natural feature of the middle Persian Gulf, where fresh waters from the Arabian aquifer mix and mingle with the salt waters of the sea. [6 ] This characteristic is especially true of the region of Bahrain, whose name in Arabic means "two seas", and which is thought to be the site of Dilmun , the original site of the Sumerian creation beliefs. [7 ] The difference in density of salt and fresh water drives a perceptible separation. Tiamat also has been claimed to be cognate with Northwest Semitic tehom (תהום) (the deeps, abyss ), in the Book of Genesis 1:2. [8 ] } [URZ: pr nm (Da’a~la~d, Dallad, Dalad)] : from da~ld, Dassitatus. See Dase~tatuez.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> da~ld {tâmtu } [URZ: (dalda~)] : from daldal, The giving sea, the giving mother. She who bore all, the mother dragon. Fecundity, abundance, fertility. The sea, aspects of the sea. The sea as the source of life and the E~n.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> da’aduka {edakua(2)} [(deka’au, da’aduk, da’aduka)] : fish bones (adda, 'skeleton', + ku6/kua, 'fish').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Dâhan-igwiš-telgûn probably the Valarin name of Taniquetil; see WJ:417. The Quenya name is partly an adaption, partly a "perversion" motivated by folk etymology: Taniquetil may be interpreted "high white point", though this is not good Quenya. More common, but probably less accurate spelling: Dahanigwishtilgûn.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> dahmanae {adamen} [UZMR; (damane)] : argument; fight.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> dathar {Addir (A.PA.ISAL.PAD.DIRIG)} [UZMR; (daidr)] : ferry; bridge

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Dal Dasettaz [(Da~al Dasetuez, Daldusa~tuez, Dalsua~tes, Dalsutez)] : from Tal Dase~tatuez, “Mansion Dassitatus”; the old U~rzu:ma^ro~s name for Itton.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> daldal {ti'amtum } [(da’a~ldal, da~ldal)] : the sea, of the sea. Primordial salt water, bitter water.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> daldrich {addirx} [UZMR; (daidrics)] : wages.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> Dase~tatuez [URZ: pr nm (Chadozse Asez, Hadoseaddez, Doseaddez, Dasseaddez)] : from chadoz-se as-ez, “rider of the realm, wise in sea-green”, The U^rzu:ma^ro~s name for Dassitatus.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> deminch {edimx, edin} [(DEMICH, DENI)] : earthenware vat for oil and fats.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> deni {edin, eden} [(deni, dene, deni)] : n., steppe, plain; grazing land between the two long rivers; back, spine (éd, 'to send forth', + in, 'straw') [EDIN archaic frequency: 5].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> deruan [(utshu, utsh, deruaunu)] : v. plural, to sit; to be seated; to break wind; to dry out; to occupy, dwell; to set down, place (objects) (plural, cf., singular tuš) (èd, 'to bring down (or up); to exit, drain' + úr, 'root, lap, thighs', + ù a/un, 'people').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> dli’ald {dìlib} [(idilb, adlla, adlal, udl, dlu, dla)] : hair, locks (cf., dalla, 'beam, ray', dálla, 'needle', and dul; dal, 'to cover, clothe, hide').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> dušamanûðân "marred" (WJ:401)

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> éaláal {lal} [UZMR; (alla, ilal, ilal )] : 'to be high; to hang'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ábáshbarék {abrig} [UZMR; (bairg, ahasbrig, avasprig )] : a purification priest.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ebal {ebla} [(beal, biall, bial)] : a watery type of beer - 'light beer' (íb, 'waist', + lal/lá, 'to lessen').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> edanga {dinig[KI.NE]} [(iding, edana)] : potash; salt; crucible, kiln, brazier; air vent (dè, 'ashes', + na a, 'potash').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> édchará {ída/íd} [UZMR; (iad, id, ith, ithar, idas, ithra )] : 'river'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ek {ég, ék, íg, e: n., levee, embankment, dike, bund (a, e4, 'water', + ig, 'door') [EG2 archaic frequency: 12; concatenates 5 sign variants]. v., to water; to speak, say (e = sing. marû, plural hamtu, and plural marû; cf., dug4, also di); to do (as auxiliary verb preceded by a noun). demonstrative pron., this one; in the immediate vicinity; suffixed to ergative agent. prep., locative/terminative suffix - in; toward. } [(ek, eg, ék)] : to say, to speak, to flow as water. Speech.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ém {imi, im, em: clay, loam, mud; tablet [IM archaic frequency: 67; concatenation of 2 sign variants]. } [(éné, én, ém)] : clay, loam, silt, mud; tablet, writing surface, book, pronouncement.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> émákap {im-ma...gub: to register on a clay tablet ('clay tablet' + locative + 'to write down'; cf., im-šu-gub). } [(émákap, énsakap)] : to register on a clay tablet, to make legal, to bind by law, to tag, to mark with ownership, to demarkate and record, to make legal, to record, to chronicle.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> émén {inim: word; statement; command, order, decree; oath, agreement; matter, affair, concern, subject (in, 'one discrete individual', + eme, 'speech').} [(émén, éméné)] : word, statement, command, order, decree, oath, agreement, matter, affair, concern, subject, point.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> émkédá {im-gíd-da: small, one column tablet ('clay tablet' + 'long' + 'side'). } [(émkédá)] : one column tablet, a short text, a note, a notation, a reference. A small force, a small gropup. A column. A singular column.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> éné {eme: tongue; speech; plow's share. } [(éné)] : tongue, speech. Plow share.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> énéchánam {eme-ha-mun: contrasting speech or languages (e.g., Sumerian and Akkadian) ('tongue' + 'mutually opposing'). } [(énéchánan)] : contrasting or opposing speech or language

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> énékéalémá {eme-gilim-ma: confused speech ('tongue' + 'to be twisted, tangled' + nominative). } [(énékéalémá)] : confused speech, confusion

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Énékéuerl { eme-gir15/gi7: Sumerian language ('tongue' + 'native'). } [(énékéurel)] : The Ûrzümâr Language.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> énéshémasha {eme-si-nu-sá: describes a person 'whose speech is not right' ('tongue' + si...sá, 'to do something in the right way' + 'not'). } [(énéshémasha)] :   he whose speech is not right, a nay sayer, a weaver of lies, a lier, a mis-spoken or uneducated speaker.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> enibru {(gi)henbur(2)} [(igehbnru, ehniubur, ehniubru)] : (green) reed shoots, stalks (he, 'abundant', + in, 'discrete individuals', + buru14/bur14, 'harvest').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> énmam {im-nun: edge of the civilized world ('writing tablet' + 'great'). } [(énmam)] : edge of the civilized world, frontier, mark land. Outside of the literate land, at the edge where writing is understood.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> énshárá {im-sar(-ra): clay tablet; document ('clay' + 'to write' + nominative). } [(énshárá)] : clay table, writing sdtone, stele, book, document

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> erar {e ar, i ar} [(aer, air, era)] : brick wall (é, 'house', +   ar, 'to deposit'/ ar8, 'to mortar bricks').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ese~al {* Ezel } [URZ: (e~se~al)] : green. Plant life. Emralds.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> esnerru {( iš)šennur}[(shieshnunru, eshnunru)]: a fruit tree, quince or medlar [ŠENNUR archaic frequency: 11; concatenates 2 sign variants].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">etabá {é-dub-ba: archive; school ('house' + 'tablet' + genitival a(k)).} [(etabá)] : archive, school, library, place of learning, place of information. Tablet house.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> Eukrana [URZ: pr nm (Uxrana)] : Another name for S’hanna. Probably menas grain-mother, or simply grain, with a sense of sustenance.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> éupaláshém {absin} [UZMR; (baisn, basin, iblasin, blasin, ioblasin )] : (seeded) furrow.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ez [URZ: ] : from ese~al, resplendent green of the sea. The Sea. She who is the Sea. Used of Anma and Dassitatus. She who is in the Sea-Raiment. Queen-Dragon, Queen of the Dragons.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> gal {gal} [UZMR; root; (agla, glar, gla)] : 'great'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> galil {agia} [(ga’ai)] : cloister; reed basket; a measure of fish.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> gamar: to be overwhelming (gam, 'to kneel', + mer, 'violent storm').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> gamma {agam} [UZMR; (gama, gam, sigaum-ibae, avasagim)] : swamp

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> gan {kàm: n., {tablet; disk (of metal or wood) (ka, 'mouth' + imi, 'clay'). v., to change; to overturn; to banish, drive out (these verbs make me wonder if this became the Sumerian word for a changeable wax-coated writing tablet). } [(gan, gáéné)] : tablet, wax tablet, wax disk, a seal, a disk, a cylinder disk. To change, to be changeable, to overturn, to rverse. To banish, to push away, to drive out.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> gargrak {agargaraku, NUNtenû} [(gargrak)]: a fish.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> geri {egir2,3, egi(2)} [(geri, gei)] : princess.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> grania {agarin4,5}[(garina)]: beer-wort; crucible, vat.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> grua {agar, ugar} [UZMR; (gara, gura)] : field; commons. Apparently related to the word gau and gardt.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> guran {agrun}[(gruna)]: inner sanctuary.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ha~lhal {kankal: hard soil; uncultivated land (ki, 'earth, place', + nu, 'not', + kal[-l], 'excellent, valuable').} [URZ (cha~lcha~al)] : hard soil; uncultivated land.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> iablasin {absin} [UZMR; (baisn, basin, iblasin, blasin)] : (seeded) furrow.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ibaztur {bibad[UZ.TUR]mušen}[(ibabd, zu’utr, umeshn)] : duck.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Ibrîniðilpathânezel Valarin name of Telperion (WJ:401), etymology not given, but the name seems to incorporate iniðil "flower" and possibly ezel "green" (see Ezellôchâr above). David Salo suggests the interpretation *"Silver-flower leaf-green", which if correct would imply the existence of the elements ibri "silver" (or "white"?) and pathân "leaf".

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ibullad {billuda, biluda[PA.AN]} [(iblldua, ibulad)] : worship, cult, rite; ordinance.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ididil {didli} [(idldi, idli’idli)] : assorted, various; separate, individual, single (reduplicated dili).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> idigumlu {dimgul} [(idgmlu, idmugl)] : mast (dim, 'to bond, tie', + gul, 'enormous').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> idilan {dúruna, dilina, dìlim} [(uduran, idlian, idilm)] : oven for baking and roasting.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> idildal {didila} [(ididal)] : very small, young.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> idilme {dílim, dél} [(idilm, edl, adlme’e)] : spoon (dal, 'to fly, remove', + eme, 'tongue').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> idlimbin {dìlim[BUN]} [(idlimubn)] : funnel-shaped bowl containing seeds for the drill plow.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> idra {di ir, dingir} [(idri, idgnri, idra)] : god, deity; determinative for divine beings (di, 'decision', +   ar, 'to deliver').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> idrigi {dirig, diri, dir [SI.A]} [(idirg, idir, idr)] : n., addition; excess; overdraft; trouble; amount by which credits of an account tablet exceed debits - appears in the credits section of the succeeding period's account tablet; intercalary month after either 11th month or 12th month (based as much on whether the winter crop will be ready for the harvest month as on the need to reconcile the lunar year with the solar year, which required an average of 7 intercalary months in 19 years) (cf., (gi)ušub).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> Idulmun {dilmunki} [(idlumkni, idmlnu)] : the island of Va:ra~in, noted for its sweet water springs [DILMUN archaic frequency: 35].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ier {e ir, e er} [(ier, e’er)] : n., back; stern (of a ship); end; limit; future; inheritance.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> igas "heat", tentatively isolated from Aþâraigas "appointed heat" (q.v.)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> iggru {( iš)gigir(2)} [(shiggri, ugru, igri)] : wheel(s); chariot; wagon; coach (reduplicated gur4/gir8, 'to turn, roll') [PU2 archaic frequency: 37].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ikashki {( iš)kišik(2), kiša(2), kiši16/17[Ú. ÍR]} [(shi’ikishki, ikash, ikash, ikishki)]: a thorny bush [? KIŠIK archaic frequency: 21; concatenates 3 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ilal {lal} [UZMR; (alla, ilal)] : 'to be high; to hang'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ilduma(2,3), ildum(2/3), ildu(2/3): crowd [ILDUM archaic frequency: 5; concatenation of 2 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> iliadigi {( iš)ildag(2,3)} [(shiliadgi, liadgi)] : a species of poplar tree (íl, 'to be high; to shine', + dág, 'brilliant').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ilimmu: nine (ía/í, 'five', + limmu, 'four').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> inask {énsi(-k)} [(neisk, neis, inas)] : city ruler (Old Sumerian); city governor (post-Sargonic) (en, 'lord, manager', + si, 'plowland', + genitive; cf., nísa, 'governor') [ENSI2 archaic frequency: 1].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> iniðil "lily, or other large single flower" (the source of Quenya indil, and evidently also Adûnaic inzil) (WJ:399)

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> inlialg [(ininalagba, ahmuta, inlialagba)] : v., to halt, turn away; to turn round; to surround; to assemble; to pen up cattle; to wander about; to circle; to make the rounds (usually ní in[LAGAB] for hamtu form and ni in or ni10-ni10[LAGAB.LAGAB] for marû form) (ní;ne4, 'fear', +   in, 'to go').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> inmiabru {( iš)nimbar}[(shi’inmabra, inmiabra, inmiabru)]: date-palm (nim, 'to be high', + bar;bur, 'to release; meal').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> irme {erim3,4,5} [(remi)] : treasury, storehouse; treasures.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> irmi {érim, erin7, rim(3)} [(remi, reni, irm)] : n., enemy; destruction [ERIM2 archaic frequency: 20].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> irn {érin, rín} [(reni, irn)] : balance scale (cf., erim).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> isabda [(isabda, isapda)] : v., to pasture, tend (si, 'to keep in order', + bad, 'to let out', or pàd, 'to find').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> isabu {(gi)ušub[SI.A/DIRIG]} [(igshubu, isaidirg, shubu)]: basket (uš, 'to support, lift', + ub4, 'cavity, hole').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ishabra {( iš)šibir, sibir} [(shi’ishibri, isibri, isapda, ishaber, issharba, iss^arba)] : n., shepherd's staff ending in a curved end, i.e., a crook; also such a staff used by a god or king as a scepter (sipad; šuba, 'shepherd', + re7, 'to lead; to bear').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ishidim {éšbu,   éšpu[ŠU.DIM4]} [(sheub, sheup, ushidm, shiub)] : fist(s); grappling hook for a wrestler ( iš, 'wooden tool', + bu(6), 'to pull, draw').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ishilgi {( iš)šilig}[(shi’ishligi)]: axe.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> išib: n., priest who performs exorcisms, incantations, lustrations and purification.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> islibra {zabar[UD.KA.BAR} [(azabra, duakabra, izliabra, isaprurmu, islkibra, islibra, izli’isbra)]: bronze (zil; zi; zé, 'to pare, cut', + bar6, 'bright, white'; Akk. siparrum, 'bronze' borrowed before vowel harmony changed Sumerian word; cf., barzil, 'iron') [ZABAR archaic frequency: 1].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ithra {ída/íd} [UZMR; (iad, id, ith, ithar, idas)] : 'river'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> itima, itim, idi: cella, chapel.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> izan {zizna} [(izzan)]: fish roe; abnormal growths on a fetus.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> izbinni {zibin(2)} [(izubni, izibni, )]: chrysalis, pupa; caterpillar (zi, 'life', + bun, 'blister').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> izzulal {zilulu[PA. IŠGAL]} [(izulul, shiagli, izulul)]: peddler; vagabond (zil, 'to flay, pare' ?, + lú-ùlu, 'people').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ka~perol { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">gabiri [MOUNTAIN] wr. ga-bi-ri "mountain" Akk. šadû } [(cha~pala, ka~perlo)] : mountain, fell, hill.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> ka~ur {| sar [GARDEN] (4917x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian, uncertain, unknown) wr. sar "garden; a unit of area; a unit of volume" Akk. mūšaru } [URZ: (cha~’ar, za~l)] : Garden, yard, enclosed pasture, court. Area under protection, enclosed buy a protective wall or barrier. Within the borders of. garden; a unit of area; a unit of volume.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> káal {gal} [UZMR; root; (agla, glar, gla, gal )] : 'great'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> kabar, kapar[PA.DAG.KISIM5×GAG]: shepherd boy (ká, 'gate', + bar, 'to open').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> kadap {gud-dub: ox (recorded) on a tablet ('bull, ox' + 'tablet'). } [(kadap)] : ox recorded on a tablet. Property, ownership; to own.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> kalach  { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;;color:black;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">simug [SMITH] (396x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Ebla, Old Akkadian, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. simug "smith, metalworker" Akk. ''nappāhu} [URZ: (chalach, s^e~lmong)] : smith, crafter, artisan. ''

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> kan {akani, akan, ágan, akan} [(kania, kana, gana)]: udder.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> kashan {gu-sum: impression on a tablet (a wedge) ('needle' + 'to give'). } [(kashan)] : impression on a tablet, a letter, a sign, a rune, to give the needle, to use the needle, to use the instrument.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> Kaur Lorap [] : One of the Nine Towers,

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> kétabá {gi-dub-ba: stylus ('reed' + 'tablet' + nominative). } [(kétabá)] : stylus, tablet reed, pen, instrament for making figures or signs, a wand

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> khakil {akkil} []: lamentation, ritual wailing.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> kian {ákan, aka4[KÁ]} []: door-frame, lintel.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> Kuar Tagral [(Ka~ur Tagaral)] :   One of the Nine Towers.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> kushabu {Ašgab} [(sha’agba, ukshugb, ukshu’ugbu)] : leather-dresser, currier (kuš, 'leather', + gúb, 'to cleanse').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> kušum: to scorn, reject, hurt; to abandon (ki, 'place', + ušum, 'solitary').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> laal {alal} []: pipe, conduit, gutter; pipe for making libation offerings to the deceased (a, 'water', + lal, 'lift, carry').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> lachol { |<span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:black;border:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in; text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">mul [ <span style="font-size:8.0pt; color:black;border:nonewindowtext0in;padding:0in;text-decoration:none; text-underline:none">SHINE ]  (129x: ED IIIb, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian) wr. mul ; mul2 ; mul4 "star; to shine, radiate (light); arrow; to radiate (branches)" Akk. kakkabu ; mulmullu ; nabāţu } [(umel, nael, loal)]: shing, illuminated, bright, light, lighted. Luminous.  

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> lalch {allalx, alla} []: net, seine; crab.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> lalmna {ala, alan, alam, ál} []: image, statue; figure, appearance [ALAN archaic frequency: 51; concatenates 6 sign variants].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> lamnorl  { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;; color:#0006FF;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">nimur [ASHES] (26x: Ur III, Old Babylonian, unknown) wr. ne-mur; nimur "alkali, potash; coal; ashes; charcoal" Akk. idrānu ; tumru } [URZ: (lalaar, me~norl)]   : alkali, potash; coal; ashes; charcoal, sooty, black.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> lar’lau { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;; color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">muru [RAINSTORM] (21x: Old Babylonian) wr. muru9; muru3 "rainstorm; mist; drizzle" Akk. imbaru ; murû } [URZ: (laaru, nola)] : rain, rainstorm, mist, drizzle.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> lathar {alad} []: a life force; a male protective spirit.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> leal {élla} [(leal)] : kidneys.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> lealg {ella   [LAGAB]} [(leal, alagb)] : hoop or wooden ball ?; driving stick ?; bow ?; block of wood; a number word.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> lealukush {elamkuš(2,3,4)} [(lemauksh, lealuksh)] : bladder (élla, 'kidneys', + kuš, 'skin').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> limmaz {alim[]}: wild ram; bison; aurochs; powerful [ALIM=ZATU-219 [GIR3] sign per P. Steinkeller, archaic frequency: 73; concatenation of 3 sign variants].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> loarap { |<span style="font-family:&quot;TimesNewRoman&quot;; color:black;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none">murub [MIDDLE] (446x: Old Akkadian, Ur III) wr. murub6; murub4; murub2; murub; murub3 "middle; female genitals, vulva; buttocks, rump; knob; mouth; gate (of city or large building); space between, distance; link; hips" Akk. abullu ; birītu ; bişşūru ; pinku ; pû ; qablu ; qinnatu ; ûru } [(laarap, larapa, loarlop)] : Middle, center oif the human form, torso, female genitals, vulva, buttocks, rumb. Mouth aperture, iris, opening. An oriface. Gate, door, wall opening. Aplace that can only be entered through a gate. The space between, insulation, mout, a void, an open area; distance between, area between, hinter land, wilderness. Hips, womb, that which is carried within, protected within; treasure, gift, protexcted revered thing, guarded thing''. ''

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> mabar {ambar, abbar}[(mabara, babara, ambar, mibari, mibra)]: marsh; reeds, canebrake (imi/im, 'clay, mud', + bar, 'to obtain').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> machallâm properly one of the seats of the Valar in the Ring of Doom, the source of Quenya mahalma "throne" (WJ:399, cf. UT:305, 317)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> mâchan supposedly means "authority, authoritative decision" (WJ:399). The source of Quenya Máhan, one of the eight chiefs of the Valar, though the translation Aratar was more usual. It is an element in Mâchananaškad "Doom-ring", Ring of Doom, adapted to Quenya as Máhanaxar or translated as Rithil-Anamo. (WJ:401)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> mâchanâz, pl. mâchanumâz "Authorities", used of the greatest Valar, called Aratar in Quenya. The Valarin word was also adapted to Quenya as Máhan pl. Máhani.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Mânawenûz "Blessed One, One (closest) in accord with Eru". In Quenya reduced and altered to produce Manwë. (WJ:399)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> marra {amar}[]: calf; young animal (áma, 'wild cow mother', + re7, 'to accompany, plural') [AMAR archaic frequency: 297].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> mashah {amaš}[(masha)] : sheepfold, cattle-pen (é, 'house', + maš, 'goat').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> meshe {émeš} [(meshe)] : summer.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> meud {emedu(2)} [(medeu, me’eutd, me’eud)] : house/estate-born slave (eme, 'mammy', + tud/dú, 'to be born').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> miam {énmen, émmen, ímmen, ímmin, émma, ímma} [(ne’emn, me’emn, mi’emn, mi’imn, meam, miam, )] : to drink beer.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> mirub- "wine", an element also occurring in mirubhôzê- (supposedly the beginning of a longer word) = Quenya miruvórë, miruvor, the name of a special wine or cordial, rendered "mead" in the translation of Namárië in LotR, where this word occurs (yéni ve lintë yuldar avánier...lisse-miruvóreva, "the long years have passed like swift draughts of the sweet mead", LotR1/II ch. 8) Likely, the word was originally adapted as *miruvózë, becoming miruvórë in the Noldorin dialect with the general change of z > r. It would remain *miruvózë in Vanyarin. RGEO:69 confirms that miruvórë was "a word derived from the language of the Valar; the name that they gave to the drink poured out at their festivals".

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> na {mü n., name; word; year; line on a tablet, entry; oath (cf., u10) [MU archaic frequency: 99]. v., to name, speak (cf., mug). prep., because. conjugation prefix, suggests involvement by speaker, used especially before dative infixes, preferred for animate and agentive subjects.} [(na)] : name, word, year, line on a tablet, entry, oath. Table, matrix, code, order. To name, to speak, because.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Næchærra (not capitalized in source) the original Valarin name that was adapted to Quenya as Nahar, Oromë's horse, supposedly onomatopoeic after his neighing. (WJ:401)

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> Nasakhadram [(nassich- addriggim, nassichaddriggim ')] : '

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> naškad (or anaškad?) an element tentatively isolated from Mâchananaškad and possibly meaning "ring", cf. Black Speech nazg.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> nassich {ansis,   asisx} [(naissi, sasich)] : darkness; the netherworld; eclipse.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> nazlauba {anzalub} [(nazlauba)]: reed pulp.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> nazuth {anzud(2), anzu(2)-(d)[dIM.MI/DUGUDmušen]} [(nazdu, nazua, nuza)]: a mythical giant bird; vulture, eagle [ANZU2 archaic frequency: 1].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> né {me, mì; e: n., function, office, responsibility; ideal norm; the phenomenal area of a deity's power; divine decree, oracle; cult [ME archaic frequency: 363; concatenates 2 sign variants]. v., to be; the Sumerian copula; to say, tell. poss. suffix, our.} [(né, ne, nén, -né)] : function, office, responsibility, ideal, norm, area of a diety’s/dragons power, dvine oracle, cult. To be, to say. A copula. As a suffix meaning, “our”, dependent upon all the folk of the Ûrzümâr or their “king”.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ne~lm {en} [URZ: (e~m, e~ln, ne~m, ne~ln, e~l)] : lord, commanding over, father over, overseer.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> neasha {anše}[(nashe, naesh)]: male donkey; onager; equid; pack animal (an,'sky; high', + šè, terminative postposition = 'up to' = 'to raise up, carry') [ANŠE archaic frequency: 48; concatenates 4 sign variants;? KIŠ archaic frequency: 46].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> negra {engar} [(neagr, engara, kiakr)] : irrigator, farmer (en, 'lord', + agar, 'field'; Akk. 'ikkar from Semitic "to hoe, cultivate").

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> negza {engiz [ME.EN.GI]} [(neigz, neagz)] : cook (en, 'lord', + gaz, 'to fracture, crush, slaughter') [ENGIZ archaic frequency: 22].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> neidbu {endub, endib} [(neudb, neidb)] : cook (en, 'lord', + dub, 'to move in a circle, shake') [ENDIB archaic frequency: 6].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> neis {ensi(3)} [(neis, neisg)] : dream interpreter (en, 'enigmatic background' + sig7, 'to dwell; to complete' ?) [ENSI archaic frequency: 8].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> nekchu {enkux [ZAG-HI-A]} [(neukch, azgiha)] : tax assessment official.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify">nelech {Hebrew "malak" ( מַלְאָךְ ) is the standard Hebrew Bible word for "messenger", both human and divine, though it is less used for human messengers in Modern Hebrew. [1] In the King James Bible the noun malak is rendered "angel" 111x, "messenger" 98x, "ambassadors" 4x. [2] The noun derives from the verbal consonantal root l-'-k (ל-א-ך), meaning "to send". This root is attested in Hebrew only in this noun and in the noun "Melakah" ( מְלָאכָה ), meaning "work". The term "Malak" therefore simply means one who is sent, often translated as "messenger" when applied to humans; for instance, "Malak" is the root of the name of the prophet Malachi, whose name means "my messenger". In modern Hebrew, malak is the general word for "angel"; it is also the word for "angel" in Arabic (malak ملاك), Aramaic and Ethiopic. } [URZ: (na~ela~ch)] :

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> nelmkar [URZ: (nelmkaur)] : ne~lm-ka~ur, “Lord of the Garden”; a gardener, noramally used of a court gardener and not of common gardening or personal gardening.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> netanka {enten(a)} [(ne’etan, ne’etnka)] : winter (en, 'time', + ten, 'cold', + a(k), 'of').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> neuka {enku} [(neuk, neuk, neuka, azgah, sheasd)] : fishing overseer (en, 'lord', + ku6/kua, 'fish'; same signs (ZAG.HA) as ešsad).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> neukkum {enkum} [(neukm)] : temple treasurer; guardian deity of the foundations [ENKUM archaic frequency: 14].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> neumin {enmen, emmen, immen, immin, emma, imma} [(ne’emn, me’emn, miemn, mi’imn, meam, miam, neumn)] : thirst (en, 'time', + mun, 'salt').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> neus {dsuena, dsuen[EN.ZU]} [(sdeuan, esneka, neus)] : the moon (sú, 'knowledge', + en(2,3), 'time', + -/ak/, 'of').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> Nilmakar Fagal Bes^ [URZ: (nelmkar fagal ba~ch)] : “Gardener’s Old House”, An U^rzu:ma^r name for Itton.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Nuén {} [] : The Second period of Ûrzümâr language, the “Table Tongue”.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> paách {ab} [UZMR; (báah, báah )] : 'niche, nook'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> páalál {ablal} [UZMR; (balasl, balal, balal, páaláal )] : bird niche, nest.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> paáp {abba} [UZMR; root; (ba'ab, baab, buab )] : 'elder',

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> papkál {abgal} [UZMR; ttl; (bagal, baglar, buabgal )] : sage, wise man, wizard

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> paráká {barag} [UZMR; (abraga, brag, braga )] : 'ruler; throne'. Priest, leader.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Phanaikelûth (sic, not **Phanaikelûþ) supposedly means "bright mirror", used of the moon (WJ:401)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> phelûn "dwelling", tentatively isolated from Aþâraphelûn, q.v.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ralal {arala, arali} [(rala’a, ralai, ahra’al, ra’ala)] : the netherworld (hara/àra, 'to pulverize', + la, 'youthful freshness and beauty').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> rammi {arim} [(rami, adrigmi, rami’I, rami)] : pool, pond (cf., dagrim) ( ar, 'storeroom', + imi/im, 'clay, mud').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> rashad {arah4[É.UŠ.GÍD.DA]} [(raha, eshuigdad)] : storehouse.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> rauz-apidri {arza,   arzu [PA.DI IR]} [(ra’az, apidri, rauz)] : custom(s); rite(s); divine or royal orders ( ar, 'form, appearance' or   ar, 'to deliver', + zu, 'to know').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> raz {árza,   árzu,   irza[PA.LUGAL]} [(ra’az, ra’uz, rauz, ri’az, riaz)] : office, duties; rules.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> rebi {erib} [(rebi)] : daughter-in-law.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> remi {erim, érin, éren} [(remi, reni, rene)] : man, servant, soldier; troops, army; gang of workers; people, folk [ERIM archaic frequency: 175; concatenation of 3 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> remu {erum2,3, eru2,3} [(remu, reu)] : slavegirl.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> reshalgannuz {ereš5[GAL-AN-ZU]} [(reshe-aglnauz)] : knowing, intelligent.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> reshe {ereš, ere   ?[NIN]} [(reshe, re’e)] : queen, lady.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> riggar {a rig}[]: steward, superintendent (á a, 'to measure; to check', + rig7, 'to deed, grant').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> riuda {arad(2), urdu(2), ir3,11} [(rada, rudu, awrudu, rida, ridu)]: (male) slave; servant; subordinate (Akk. loanword from wardum, 'male slave, man-servant') [IR11 archaic frequency: 10].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ruhash {arhuš} [(rauh’sh, ruah’sha)] : n., womb; compassion, pity (úr, 'base; root', + háš, 'lower abdomen').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> rusubu {zurzub(2), ursub(2), urrub(2)} [URZ: (uzruzbu, ru’usbu, uzru’usbu)]: a container provided with teat-shaped protuberances (zur4, 'to spout, flow', + sub, 'to suckle').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’haet {ašte} [(shaet)] : need; necessity; desirable or beloved object (áš, 'to desire', + te, 'to approach'; cf., téš).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hagan {ašag, aša5 [GANÁ]} [(shaga, sha’a, ga’an, sha’ag)] : field, plot (cf., a-šà-(g)).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hakirni {( iš)taškarin, taskarin[TÚG]} [(shiatshakirni, atsakirni)]: box shrub or small tree (or its heavy, hard wood) (may be Akk. loan).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hakud {aškud} [(shaukd)] : wedge (as a device to bar a door); ramp (?).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> S’hanna [URZ: pr nm (Hannar)] : Hardarch of the Elders (Elder Dragon), Chief of Grain, Leader of the Assarldor, Bringer of Grain. Also called Eukrana.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> s’haurae {saroi} [(sháuraé)] : The Ûrzümâr year related to 36 annals of the 2ndAge SA.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’he’a {ésa [ Á×ŠE]; esa x[É×ŠE; É.ŠE; É.SA ]} [(sea)] : granary, storeroom (é, 'house, temple', + sa, 'first, prime').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’he’embar {( iš) išimmar}[(ish’shi’mimra, shishimimra, shi’inmabri, igishmiamri)]: date palm; trunk of a date palm tree (cf., ( iš)nimbar) [GIŠIMMAR archaic frequency: 55; concatenation of 5 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heab {ešbu,   ešba,   ešpa[ IŠ-ŠUB]} [(sheub, sheab, sheap, shiushb)] : boomerang; throw-stick.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heasal {( iš) isal}[(shisila, shiasla, igasla)]: oar; rudder ( iš, 'wooden tool', + sal, 'thin, wide') [GISAL archaic frequency: 3; concatenation of 2 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heasda {ešsad} [(sheasd, she’eusd)] : fisherman (éše, 'rope', + sud, 'to immerse, sink'; same signs (ZAG.HA) as enku).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heater {ešta,   eš2,3,4,   iš2,3} [(sheat, she, shi, shiatr)] : sixty ( iš, 'tool', + tar, 'to cut; to determine' ?).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hebane  {( iš)apin}[(shipani, aubna, pani)]: n., seeder plow (a, 'seed', + bun, 'to blow') [APIN archaic frequency: 181; concatenates 3 sign variants]. adj., describes a plow animal (also apin-šè).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hebuk {eštubku6} [(shebuuk)] : a river carp: binnî.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hegeshten {eštin} [(sheitn, shitn, egshitn)] : vine; wine; grape juice; bunch of grapes ( iš, 'tree', + tin, 'life; wine') [GEŠTIN archaic frequency: 42; concatenation of 2 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> S’hekbre  {( iš)kíbir}[(shi’ikbri)]: pitchfork.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hekeshad {( iš)kešda}[(shiekshad)]: weir.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hekre {eškiri, ešgiri} [(sheikri,   sheigir, she’eikir)] : nose rope, halter, bridle; jumping rope (éše, 'rope', + kìri, 'nose, muzzle').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hém {sín} [UZMR; (isin, thien, sien )] : 'to sift'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> kapkaalda {abul (KÁ.GAL)} [UZMR; (balu, calgatu, cábgáltu )] : city gate (loanword from Semitic for 'door'.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> A~éarpása {abzu} [UZMR; (Airbazu )] : the 'sentient' sea - the sea personified as a god.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hemne {ešemen(2,3)} [(shemene, she’eemn)] : jump rope; play; celebration (éše, 'rope', + men, 'both, two').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’hemren {( iš šim)erin, eren} [(shi’ishmireni, rene, reni)] : cedar; to anoint with cedar-oil [ERIN archaic frequency: 105].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’henakra {( iš)enkara}[(ashinekra)] : a weapon.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’henge {( iš)šinig}[(shi’ishing)]: tamarisk.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heruku [(sishiukru)] : v., to pray; to sacrifice (isiš2,3, 'to weep', + kur9, 'to bring, deliver').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> s’héshgaer {siskur...e: to say a prayer [often introduces direct, quoted speech in the texts] ('prayer' + 'to speak'). } [(shéshgaer)] : to say a prayer, an introductory prayer.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heubin {( iš)bugin}[(shiubigni)] : basket; trough.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heudur {( iš) idru,   idri[PA]} [(shidiur, di’irap, shiudur)]: stick; staff; scepter; stick used to measure the height of a pile of grain ( iš, 'wood', + dúru, 'low end, base' where stick was thrust to the base of a grain pile; cf., duru6 reading of PA and še   iš-è-a).

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heuge {uzug2,3,4,5}[(zugu, sugu, shuigi)]: menstrating woman; woman isolated after birth; person under a taboo (cf., ú-sug4) (úš, 'blood', + zìg, 'to expend, go out').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heuteklu {( iš)tukul}[(shiazablma, shiutuklu)]: mace (thigh bone ?); weapon.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’heutu {eštug(2,3),   eštu(2,3)[PI]} [(sheutg, sheut, shiutuk, shiutg, egshutg)]: n., ear(s); hearing; understanding, intelligence ( iš, 'tool', + tuku/tug, 'to receive') [GEŠTUG archaic frequency: 108; concatenation of 5 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> s’shallear {( iš)illuru, illulu, illar}[(ushililru, ulilli, lilra, aliur)]: throw-stick; javelin; bow; arc (íla, 'to lift', + ru, 'to send').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> salial {asilal(3,4,5)} [(salila)] : joy, gladness.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> sarla {( iš)ásal, ásar} [(shisala, sara, sala)] : Euphrates poplar tree [ASAL2 archaic frequency: 16].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> se~ [URZ: (sehe~)] : from a~lsehe~, mount, ride.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> seurre  {esir(2)} [(seri, su’uri, seiri)] : An essential fluid. Sea or salt water as an ingridiant. Crude bitumen (usu, 'strength' or esi, 'strong', + ir(2), 'liquid secretion'). Strong liquid. A poisin. A very strong in taste tea or fermented drink.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> shudulnul {( iš)šudun(2,3,4,5), ( iš)šudul(2,3,4,5), ( iš)uštil}[(shiushudnu, shiushudlu, shishuitli, ushshuudnu-udlu, ushudnu-udlu)]: yoke, crosspiece (šúš/šú, 'to cover', + dun(4), 'warp yarns connecting opposite sides of a loom frame' and dul, 'to cover').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> subu {( iš)sahab(2), suhub3,4}[(shiasahba, usuhbu)]: bar, bolt (of a door).

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> sukaldum  {sukkal kal tum} [URZ: (sugalkaldum, chacha~’altal, kaka~-altil, chaltil)] : Angel, fairy, elf; Fa:nn, Ha^rmangal-a+.' '

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Sukaldum Lachol [(sukaldum-lachol, Suchaldum-Lachol)] : Light elves, High Fa:nn. The Laho~ba% of Indraso~s.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Sukaldum Lamnorl  [URZ: ] : Sooty elves, Du:er.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> táaltarékch {addirx} [UZMR; (daidrics, daldrich )] : wages.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> kámá {agam} [UZMR; (gama, gam, sigaum-ibae, avasagim, gamma )] : swamp

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> tabála {dub-bi...bala: to go over the account (with -da-) ('tablet' + 'its' + 'to pass through'). } [(tabépáalá, )] : to go over the account, to review, to study, to decern, to contemplate, to discover. To consider a tablet, to review or consider a tablet or writings.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> táchnámáé {adamen} [UZMR; (damane, dahmanae )] : argument; fight.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> tádcháar {Addir (A.PA.ISAL.PAD.DIRIG)} [UZMR; (daidr, dathar )] : ferry; bridge

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> tagaral {| diĝir [DEITY] (1837x: ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. diĝir; dim3-me-er; dim3-me8-er; dim3-mi-ir; di-me2-er "deity, god, goddess" Akk. iltu ; ilu } [(tagal, ta~ge~ur, tagral)]: deity, god, goddess, the body of the devine, those with power of divinus, the Elders, the First Born, the Makers, and the Children of Dassitatus. O~s-born.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> tak {dug4, du11: n., speech. v., to speak; to order, command; to sing; to speak with, converse (with -da-) (singular hamtu form, cf. also, ég); to do (as auxiliary verb preceded by a noun) (nonfinite form = di) (to make a motion in the throat).} [(tak, tal, taktá, taltá)] : speech. To speak; to order, to command; to sing, to elocute; to speak with, to converse. To do. To do as one has said. To make a motion in the throat.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> takal {delgûmâ a Valarin word the exact meaning of which is not given. (WJ:399) It is, however, stated that it influenced Quenya telumë "dome, (especially) dome of heaven" (LR:391 stem TEL, TELU), which was altered to telluma "dome", especially applied to the "Dome of Varda" over Valinor; also used of the domes of the mansion of Manwë and Varda upon Taniquetil. The former meaning seems to be relevant in Namárië: Vardo tellumar...yassen tintilar i eleni... "Varda's domes...wherein the stars tremble..." (LotR1/II ch. 8)} [URZ: (te~alchula, talhual, tachal, tekal)] : dome, arch vault.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> tal  [URZ: (da~al)] : from tachal ;   domed place, a great edifcae, a mansion or palace. Later mountain, or mountain people.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> talagech {duru-sas} [URZ: (tala-cha~ch, talakach)] : moss = “damp turf”.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> talgach [] from talagech; place of the smithy, smithy.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Talgach Adoz [] : One of the great “tower-trees”, one of the Nine. In Indraso~s it was called Xo~tom Umbe~ssil, later Gadimbeth. “The Sacred Smith’s Home”.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> talká {du11-ga: utterance; speech ('to speak' + nominative). } [(talká)] : speech, utterance, to utter, to speak

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> tap {dub: n., (clay) tablet; document (motion into open container) [DUB archaic frequency: 229; concatenates 6 sign variants]. v., to store, heap up; to pour out; to move in a circle; to shake; to sprinkle off, strew (with -ta-); to dye (fabrics) (reduplication class ?). } [(tap)]: tablet, document. Motion to open up a container. To store, to record or collect, a treasure house of words, a library, an archive. To heap, to store,. To pour out, to heap, to move in a circle,; to shake, to sprinkle, to sprinkle off, to strew. Detris, rubble, carnage, broken remains.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> tapasher {dub-sar: scribe ('tablet' + 'to write'). } [(tapsháer)] : A scribe, a writer, one who write, tablet writer.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> tarol {| duru [WET] (227x: ED IIIa, Old Akkadian, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian, unknown) wr. duru5; duru5ru "(to be) soft; (to be) wet, irrigated, damp, fresh" Akk. labāku ; raţbu } [(tarlo, tarla, tala, talo)] :   Wet, damp, moist. "(to be) soft; (to be) wet, irrigated, damp, fresh"

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> téré {dirig, diri, dir [SI.A]: n., addition; excess; overdraft; trouble; amount by which credits of an account tablet exceed debits - appears in the credits section of the succeeding period's account tablet; intercalary month after either 11th month or 12th month (based as much on whether the winter crop will be ready for the harvest month as on the need to reconcile the lunar year with the solar year, which required an average of 7 intercalary months in 19 years) (cf., (gi)ušub). v., to go over; to float (with the current); to exceed, stand out; to be extra; to be darkened, eclipsed; to be erased; to be greater than, to surpass, to be supreme over (with dative/locative). adj., superior, outstanding; surplus; superfluous; additional. } [(téerék, téeré, téer, )] : addition, excess, trouble, tumult, instability. Amount of credits of an account tablet exceeded debits. The 11th and or 12th month. The last season of a year. To go over, to float, to extend, to go beyond, to exceed, to stand out, to be extra, overage, surplus. To be supreme over, to be greater by wealth, to be greater by force or power. To be darkened, to be clouded or obscured, to be eclipsed. To be erased, to disappear, to be camouflaged, to be covered up.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> thart {dirig/dir} [UZMR; (idirg, idr, drig, thrae, thrag, thrar)] : 'to go over'.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> tulukha(n) "yellow" (WJ:399). Adapted to Vanyarin Quenya as tulka.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Tulukhastâz (sic - read Tulukhaštâz?) is supposedly a compound containing tulukha(n) "yellow" and (a)šata "hair of head", hence "the golden-haired". Adapted to Quenya as Tulkas. (WJ:399)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Tulukhedelgorûs Valarin name of Laurelin, etymology not given, but the word apparently incorporates a form of tulukha(n) "yellow" (WJ:401)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ubarrun {buranun} [(ubarunn, ubarunn)] : Euphrates river (bu5, 'to rush around', + ra, 'to flood, overflow', + nun, 'great, noble').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ubhul {buluh} [(ubluh)] : to worry; to be nervous, frightened; to hasten, hurry; fright.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ubin {buni x, puni x, bunin} [(ubni, Upni, ubinn, ubnin, ubin)] : bitumen-coated reed container (for carrying liquids), vat, tub (bún/bu x, 'blister; to be swollen', + ní, 'valuables').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ubruz {bùzur} [(ubuzr)] : hand, palm.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ubul {bùlu} [(ublu, ubulg)] : n., pupil, novice; foster child [BULUG3 archaic frequency: 19].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ubulg {bulug} [(ublug, ublka’a, ublga)] : shoot, sprout; barley malt; needle; awl; drill; seal pin; boundary post; border (bul, 'to sprout', + aka/ag, 'to do') [BULUG archaic frequency: 4].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ubur: female breast, teat (ub4, 'cavity', + ir(2), 'liquid secretion').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> udibishk {( iš)dubšik[ÍL], dupsik}[(shiudbishki, udpiski)] : basket.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> udrihai {durah, dàra, dàr} [(udarh, adar, adr, udrhai, adargyi)] : mountain goat buck; ibex (dur, 'bond, tie', + áhi, 'arm') [DARA3 archaic frequency: 11; concatenation of 4 sign variants].

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> udubri {dubur(2)} [(udubr, udbri)] : testicles (dub, 'to store; to pour', + ir(2), 'tears or any bodily secretion').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> udug {dugud} [(udugd)] : n., weight; cloud [DUGUD archaic frequency: 2].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> udugdul {hard (du7, 'complete', + gud, 'bull')} [(udugdu)] : adj., massive; heavy; difficult,.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> uduran {duruna, durun, dúru, dúr; durunx [DÚR.DÚR]} [(uduran, udurn, udur, udr, udurchn, udr)] : n., buttocks; anus; dwelling [DUR2 archaic frequency: 52].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ugursun {[GURUŠ+2-N14 (wagon pictogram) archaic frequency: 7; concatenation of 3 sign variants]} [(ugursun)] : adj., strong; swift.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> uka {úgu[A.KA]: debits part of account tablet. } [(ágá, uka)] : debits of account tablet, debits, accounts

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ulu, ullu "water" (WJ:400, 401). In Ulubôz, Ullubôz.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Ulubôz, Ullubôz a name containing ulu, ullu "water", adapted to Quenya as Ulmo and interpreted "the Pourer" by folk etymology. (WJ:400)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ummikal {alga, malga, (loan from Akkadian milkum; cf., Orel & Stolbova #1791 *mulak-/*mulik- 'stranger, chief') [GALGA archaic frequency: 16; concatenation of 2 sign variants].} [(la’ag, amgla, umalka, umilki, umkali )] : advice, counsel; wise one; reflection, consideration

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> undanan {dnanna} [(ndnaan, annan,)] : the moon as a god [NANNA archaic frequency: 49; concatenation of 2 sign variants].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> unetuant {NUNtenû} [(unetuant)]: a fish, a species related to the gargrak.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> unnum {(ú)númun}[(numunu, unmunu)]: a type of grass

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> unug(2), unu(2): dwelling; fortress; jewelry, adornment; cheek; the city of Uruk (ù a/un, 'people', + ig, 'door') [UNUG archaic frequency: 206; concatenates 3 sign variants].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> upuzur {buzur(2,4,5), puzur(2,4,5)} [(ubuzr, upuzr)] : safety, security; secret, mystery; a merchandise tax.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ura~ {ra} [(ura~)] : 'to flood, overflow'

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> uruš "fire" (also rušur) (WJ:401)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ushuab {zipah, zapah[ŠU.BAD]} [(izaphi, azapha, ushabdu)]: half; a length-measure, span = 1/2 cubit = 15 fingers = 25 cm. (ŠU.BAD: 'open hand' - approx. distance measured by span of outstretched thumb and little finger).

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ushubu {(kuš)šuhub(2), suhub(2) [MUL]} [(ukshuushuhbu, usuhbu, umlu, ush’shugbu, ushugbu)]: n., boots (šúš/šú, 'to cover', + gub, 'to stand').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> ushukru {(urudu/ iš)šukur} [(rudu’u, shiushukru, ushukru)] : spear, lance (šu, 'hand', + kúr, 'enemy').

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> ussugum {zukum} [(uzukmu, usgu’ukmu)]: to trample; to walk on; to step on (súg, plural 'to stand', + kum, 'to crush').

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> usug: (cf., uzug).

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> usukud {zugud, zubud} [(uzugdu, uzubdu, usukdu)]: a kind of club; a fish (cf. also, sukud).

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> uthshagar {dugsáhar [SAR]} [(udsghar)] : clay pot.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> uz {zu} [UZMR; (uz)] : 'to know'. Wise.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify;mso-pagination:none;mso-layout-grid-align: none;text-autospace:none"> za~l {| sa [HALF] (8x: Old Babylonian, unknown) wr. sa9 "half; middle, center; to reach the middle" Akk. Mišlu} [(cha~, s^a~, za~, cha~ms^a~l)] : half, half inyto, half through, the middle, the center, to reach the middle, center or half way point. To reach the top of a height before crossing the apex and descending. The highpoint, apex or high point of a jiurnery or experiace.'' a~pa~zang  {'' | ABAšag [CHAMBER-CENTER] (2x: Old Babylonian) wr. |AB×A|-šag4 "center of the bathing chamber?" } [(a~pa~sa~ch)] : Center of a bathing chamber. Inner sanctum, heart of a building or complex, main room or chamber of a building or complex, the great hall of a building, hearth room of a haouse or domicile.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> zaga {azag}[(zaga)] : taboo.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> zagelm { | sukkal [SECRETARY] (3469x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Ebla, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. sukkal "secretary, civil servant" Akk. sukkallu } [URZ: (saulk, zukel, chaka~m, chakem, zogga~lm )] : secretary, servent, agent, administrator.

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> Zaharal {| sahar [DUST] (982x: ED IIIa, ED IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Early Old Babylonian, Old Babylonian) wr. sahar "earth, soil; dust" Akk. eperu } [(cha~ea~’ar, z’haral, zharl )] : the Trid, the soil, the mineral earth. The Foundation. Immo^rfla*sc~.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> zeun {ezinu} [(zeun, shaann, zeniu)] : grain, cereal; the elder Hardarach S’hanna [EZINU archaic frequency: 24; concatenation of 4 sign variants].

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"> zu  {sú, 'knowledge'} [URZ: (chu, zu, za, cha)] : knowledge and wisdom.

<p class="MsoPlainText" style="text-align:justify"> zulak {uzalag, uzalak[GE22]} [(zulaga, zulaka)]: area measure, = 1/4 of an kiu (= 25 asra ).

<span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:black; mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">zunne <span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"TimesNewRoman";color:black;mso-ansi-language: EN-US;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"> {ezen, ezem} [(zene, zeme, zu’une)] : festival, feast (uzu, 'cut of meat', + en, 'time') [EZEN archaic frequency: 114; concatenation of 3 sign variants].